Image MIME Reference
JPEG-XR
JPEG XR (HD Photo)
image/vnd.ms-photo
VS
JPEG XS Image
image/jxs
JPEG-XS
A complete technical comparison of JPEG XR (HD Photo) and JPEG XS Image — covering compression, feature support, browser compatibility, magic bytes, and when to choose each format.
Equal browser support
Feature Support
| Feature | JPEG-XR | JPEG-XS |
|---|---|---|
| Transparency (Alpha) | Yes | Yes |
| Animation Support | ✕ No | Yes |
| Progressive Loading | Yes | ✕ No |
| HDR Support | Yes | Yes |
| EXIF Metadata | Yes | Yes |
| ICC Color Profile | Yes | Yes |
JPEG XR (HD Photo)
image/vnd.ms-photo
Extension
.jxr.wdp.hdp
Container
TIFF-like Image File Directory (IFD)
Compression
Lossy (Lapped Bi-orthogonal Transform) / Lossless
Algorithm
Lapped Bi-orthogonal Transform (LBT)
Color Depth
8-bit (Grayscale, RGB, CMYK), 16-bit, 32-bit Floating Point (HDR)
Developed by
Microsoft Corporation (later Joint Photographic Experts Group)
Released
2006
Magic Bytes
49 49 BC 01
JPEG XS Image
image/jxs
Extension
.jxs
Container
ISOBMFF (ISO/IEC 21122-3) or Raw Codestream
Compression
Lossy (Visually Lossless) / Mathematically Lossless
Algorithm
JPEG XS (Low-complexity wavelet transform)
Color Depth
8-bit, 10-bit, 12-bit, 14-bit, 16-bit
Developed by
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) / intoPIX
Released
2019
Magic Bytes
FF 10 (Codestream) / XX XX XX XX 66 74 79 70 6A 78 73 20 (ISOBMFF)
Browser Support Comparison
| Browser | JPEG-XR | JPEG-XS |
|---|---|---|
Chrome
|
✕ | ✕ |
Firefox
|
✕ | ✕ |
Safari
|
✕ | ✕ |
Edge
|
✕ | ✕ |
IE (Legacy)
|
✓
|
✕ |
JPEG-XR
JPEG-XR Strengths
- Excellent support for 16-bit and 32-bit floating-point HDR images without massive file size bloat
- Native support for alpha transparency, which standard JPEG fundamentally lacks
- Computational complexity for decoding/encoding is relatively low, making it hardware-friendly
Limitations
- Suffered a complete failure of adoption in the web browser market outside of Microsoft's ecosystem
- Fully superseded by modern, open formats like WebP, AVIF, and JPEG XL which offer better compression and universal browser support
- Multiple file extensions (.wdp, .hdp, .jxr) and MIME types cause confusion and parsing fragmentation
JPEG-XS
JPEG-XS Strengths
- Provides sub-millisecond encoding/decoding latency, essential for live production and gaming
- Extremely lightweight, requiring very little CPU, GPU, or FPGA memory to process
- Replaces uncompressed video links (like SDI or HDMI) over standard Ethernet networks with visually lossless quality
Limitations
- Compression ratios are typically much lower (between 2:1 and 10:1) compared to heavy codecs like HEVC or AV1
- Zero support in web browsers or standard consumer devices
- Primarily licensed to hardware manufacturers and professional software ecosystems
When to choose which format
JPEG-XR
Use JPEG-XR when…
- Legacy Windows Desktop Backgrounds
- XPS (XML Paper Specification) Documents
- Early High Dynamic Range (HDR) Photography
- DirectX Textures
JPEG-XS
Use JPEG-XS when…
- Live Video Broadcasting (SMPTE ST 2110)
- Video over IP Networks
- Virtual Reality / Augmented Reality (VR/AR)
- Automotive & Drone Cameras