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Image MIME Reference
FITS

Flexible Image Transport System

image/fits
VS

SealedMedia Portable Network Graphics

image/vnd.sealed.png
Sealed-PNG

A complete technical comparison of Flexible Image Transport System and SealedMedia Portable Network Graphics — covering compression, feature support, browser compatibility, magic bytes, and when to choose each format.

Equal browser support

Feature Support

Feature FITS Sealed-PNG
Transparency (Alpha) ✕ No ✕ No
Animation Support ✕ No ✕ No
Progressive Loading ✕ No ✕ No
HDR Support Yes ✕ No
EXIF Metadata ✕ No ✕ No
ICC Color Profile ✕ No ✕ No
Flexible Image Transport System
image/fits
Extension
.fits.fit.fts
Container FITS
Compression Uncompressed / Tile Compressed (Rice, GZIP)
Algorithm
UncompressedRiceGZIPHcompress
Color Depth 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit (Float/Double)
Developed by IAU FITS Working Group / NASA
Released 1981
Magic Bytes
53 49 4D 50 4C 45 20 20 3D 20
Full FITS reference →
SealedMedia Portable Network Graphics
image/vnd.sealed.png
Extension
.spng.sealed-png
Container SealedMedia / Oracle IRM Wrapper
Compression Encrypted Payload (Deflate)
Algorithm
AES EncryptionDeflate (Internal PNG payload)
Color Depth Encrypted Payload
Developed by SealedMedia (Acquired by Oracle Corporation)
Released Late 1990s / Early 2000s
Magic Bytes
Unknown (Proprietary SealedMedia Container)
Full Sealed-PNG reference →

Browser Support Comparison

Browser FITS Sealed-PNG
Chrome Chrome
✕ ✕
Firefox Firefox
✕ ✕
Safari Safari
✕ ✕
Edge Edge
✕ ✕
IE IE (Legacy)
✕ ✕
FITS

FITS Strengths

  • The undisputed global standard for archiving and sharing astronomical data
  • Self-documenting: Headers are written in plain ASCII, ensuring data is readable decades later regardless of software
  • Supports incredibly high dynamic range, N-dimensional arrays, and complex binary tables
Limitations
  • No support in standard consumer software or web browsers
  • Uncompressed raw FITS files from modern telescopes can be excessively large
  • Does not use standard metadata models like EXIF or XMP, requiring specialized parsers
Sealed-PNG

Sealed-PNG Strengths

  • Provided absolute control over intellectual property, allowing enterprise administrators to instantly revoke viewing rights of a local file globally
  • Detailed audit trails tracked exactly who opened the image, when, and from what IP address
Limitations
  • Completely proprietary and relies on a central authentication server; if the server goes offline, the image is permanently inaccessible
  • No support in modern operating systems, web browsers, or standard image editing software without installing heavy enterprise DRM clients
  • Oracle effectively deprecated the IRM product line, leaving legacy sealed documents difficult to recover

When to choose which format

FITS
Use FITS when…
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics
  • Space Telescope Data (Hubble, JWST)
  • Scientific Data Archiving
  • Spectroscopy
Sealed-PNG
Use Sealed-PNG when…
  • Enterprise Information Rights Management (IRM)
  • Secure Corporate Intellectual Property Distribution
  • Revocable Medical or Legal Imaging

More comparisons

FITS vs ACES → Sealed-PNG vs ACES → FITS vs APNG → Sealed-PNG vs APNG → FITS vs AVCI → Sealed-PNG vs AVCI → FITS vs AVCS → Sealed-PNG vs AVCS → FITS vs AVIF → Sealed-PNG vs AVIF → All comparisons →
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